Mycoral 180mg Tablet

Mycoral 180mg Tablet is the enteric-coated form of mycophenolic acid, a potent immunosuppressant widely used in transplant medicine and autoimmune disease management. It is commonly prescribed as part of a combination regimen with other immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, particularly kidneys.

Following organ transplantation, the immune system recognises the transplanted organ as foreign and attempts to attack it. This immune response is mediated primarily by T and B lymphocytes. Mycoral 180mg Tablet suppresses this response by selectively blocking the synthesis of purines, which are essential for lymphocyte DNA replication. As lymphocytes rely heavily on this pathway, the drug effectively reduces their proliferation without broadly suppressing other cell types.

Beyond transplantation, Mycoral 180mg Tablet is increasingly used in autoimmune conditions such as lupus nephritis, vasculitis, and certain inflammatory bowel and connective tissue disorders where immune overactivity causes tissue damage. Its targeted mechanism allows long-term immune control with a more favourable safety profile compared to older immunosuppressants.

The enteric-coated formulation allows the tablet to pass through the stomach intact and dissolve in the intestine, reducing gastric irritation and improving tolerability. Regular medical monitoring is essential during treatment, as immunosuppression increases susceptibility to infections and can affect blood counts, liver function, and pregnancy outcomes. When used correctly and under specialist supervision, Mycoral 180mg Tablet plays a crucial role in preserving graft function and controlling autoimmune disease activity.

Mycoral 180mg Tablet is indicated for:

• Prevention of acute organ rejection following kidney transplantation
• Use as part of combination immunosuppressive therapy
• Management of autoimmune diseases such as lupus nephritis (off-label use under specialist care)
• Treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders requiring long-term immunosuppression

1. Selective Immunosuppression:

Targets lymphocyte proliferation specifically, reducing immune attack while minimising broader cellular toxicity.

2. Proven Efficacy in Transplant Medicine:

A cornerstone drug in kidney transplant regimens, significantly reducing the risk of acute and chronic rejection.

3. Improved Gastrointestinal Tolerability:

The enteric-coated formulation reduces stomach irritation compared to other formulations.

4. Steroid-Sparing Effect:

Allows lower doses of corticosteroids, reducing steroid-related long-term side effects.

5. Suitable for Long-Term Use:

Effective and relatively well-tolerated when used for extended periods under monitoring.

While effective, Mycoral 180mg Tablet may cause side effects due to immune suppression.

Common Side Effects

• Diarrhoea
• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Headache
• Fatigue

Less Common but Important Side Effects

• Low white blood cell count (leukopenia)
• Anaemia
• Increased susceptibility to infections
• Elevated liver enzymes

Serious Side Effects (Seek urgent medical advice)

• Severe infections (fever, chills, persistent sore throat)
• Unusual bruising or bleeding
• Shortness of breath
• Signs of allergic reaction
• Severe gastrointestinal bleeding

• Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
• Usually taken twice daily, approximately 12 hours apart.
• Swallow tablets whole with water.
• Do not crush, chew, or break the tablets.
• Can be taken with or without food, but take consistently the same way each day.

Mycophenolate sodium is a systemic immunosuppressant, meaning it works throughout the body rather than at a single local site. Its primary action is to selectively suppress the immune cells responsible for transplant rejection and autoimmune inflammation.

• Selective Lymphocyte Targeting: Mycophenolate sodium is converted in the body to mycophenolic acid, which specifically targets T and B lymphocytes. These immune cells depend heavily on a particular pathway for DNA synthesis and cell division.
• Inhibition of Purine Synthesis: The drug reversibly inhibits the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which is essential for the de novo synthesis of guanosine nucleotides. Without these nucleotides, lymphocytes are unable to proliferate effectively.
• Reduced T- and B-Cell Proliferation: By blocking purine production, Mycophenolate sodium prevents the clonal expansion of activated T cells and limits antibody production by B cells, thereby dampening both cellular and humoral immune responses.
• Prevention of Immune-Mediated Damage: This targeted suppression reduces immune attacks against transplanted organs and decreases immune-driven tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases, helping preserve organ function and control disease activity.
• Relative Selectivity and Safety: Because most other body cells can use alternative pathways for nucleotide synthesis, Mycophenolate sodium acts relatively selectively on lymphocytes. This selectivity allows effective immunosuppression with less widespread cellular toxicity compared to older immunosuppressive agents.

• Use reliable contraception during treatment and for at least 6 weeks after stopping.
• Report signs of infection immediately.
• Attend regular blood tests to monitor blood counts and organ function.
• Avoid close contact with people who have contagious illnesses.
• Do not stop the medicine abruptly without medical advice.

• Store at room temperature below 25°C.
• Protect from moisture and light.
• Keep out of reach of children.

• Food may slightly reduce absorption but does not affect overall efficacy.
• Maintain consistent intake pattern to avoid variability in drug levels.

• Azathioprine or 6-Mercaptopurine (Immunosuppressants): Combined use significantly increases the risk of bone marrow suppression and severe blood disorders.
• Other Immunosuppressants (e.g., Corticosteroids, Calcineurin Inhibitors): Additive immunosuppressive effects may increase the risk of infections and malignancies.
• Antacids Containing Magnesium or Aluminium: These can reduce the absorption of mycophenolate sodium, potentially decreasing its effectiveness.
• Cholestyramine: May significantly reduce blood levels of mycophenolate by interrupting enterohepatic circulation, reducing therapeutic efficacy.
• Live Vaccines: Live attenuated vaccines may be ineffective and can cause infection in immunosuppressed patients.
• Antiviral and Antibiotic Medicines: Some antivirals and antibiotics may alter mycophenolate levels or increase the risk of blood count abnormalities, requiring closer monitoring.

• Renal Impairment (Kidney Disease): Reduced kidney function can increase blood levels of mycophenolate and its metabolites, raising the risk of toxicity.
• Hepatic Impairment (Liver Disease): Liver dysfunction may alter drug metabolism and increase the risk of adverse effects.
• Bone Marrow Suppression: Patients with pre-existing bone marrow disorders are at higher risk of severe leukopenia, anaemia, or thrombocytopenia during treatment.
• Active or Chronic Infections: Because Mycophenolate sodium suppresses immune function, existing infections may worsen or become difficult to control.

The typical adult dose for kidney transplant patients is 720 mg twice daily, adjusted based on clinical response, tolerability, and combination therapy.

Overdose may result in severe immune suppression, infections, and bone marrow toxicity. Seek immediate medical attention. Supportive care and monitoring are essential.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is nearly time for the next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double the dose.